Types of refrigerants used in industrial refrigeration plants


There is no refrigerant that fits the requirement 100% of cooling plants. An ideal refrigerant is that which is apt in terms of material compatibility, chemical stability, performance, non-toxicity and non-flammability.
Some of the possible refrigerants for an industrial refrigeration plant include:
  • HFC R134A: This refrigerant is recognised for its perfect stability, minimal toxicity and non-corrosiveness. It is commonly used in car air conditioners, but can also be used in commercial refrigeration systems, especially on larger chillers.
  • Ammonia: Ammonia is a common refrigerant in industrial cooling plants. It is also one of the oldest refrigerants. Small quantities can yield huge results. Some of the attractive features include high critical point, high coefficient for performance and low molecular weight. Just like other refrigerants, ammonia too has an undesirable side. It can have a harmful effect on skin, eyes and throat.
  • CO2 R744: CO2 is a great refrigerant because of its minimal environmental impact. It is non-flammable and non-toxic. Despite these pleasant attributes, it has to be handled carefully. Since the chemical is heavier, it can displace oxygen from the room. It mainly revolves around efficiency, size and cost of system.
  • Water: Water has been used as a coolant for many decades. It never ceases to impress. It is not just readily available but has impeccable chemical and thermodynamic properties. It is known to lower temperatures. However, it does present several technical challenges.
  • HCFC: Many places have banned the use of HCFC. But it still is a popular refrigerant.
  • Hydrocarbons: You will find these chemicals in domestic refrigeration systems, commercial refrigeration systems and air conditioning systems. The flammability of these substances requires special safety installations, but some plants are willing to take the extra precaution.
While there are many refrigerants available, the choice mainly depends on safety, environmental impact, energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

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